Quality of service in WiMAX Based Broadband Wireless Netwoks Essay

Quality of service in WiMAX Based Broadband Wireless Netwoks - Essay Example IEEE 802.16/WiMAX-based broadband and mobile wireless access is expected to be a significant component in the next generation (e.g., beyond 3G, 4G) wireless systems (Hossain 1). There is a clear shift from telephony to data transfer in wireless networks. In this scenario WiMAX technologies and solutions are poised to play a major role in broadband Internet access and other form of connectivity. The technology is in its early development phase and there is a widespread research and consultation is going on this field. The issues of quality of service (QoS) are becoming more demanding with the growing demand of the rich media of smartphones and high end gadgets. Users are now more concerned with the QoS of the services with increasing capacity and reach of wireless technologies. IEEE 802.16/WiMAX standard, which incorporates several advanced radio transmission technologies such as orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), adaptive modulation and coding, and adaptive forward error correction (FEC), is designed to provide broadband wireless capability using a well-defined quality-of-service (QoS) framework. Though, the adoption of technology is still very limited due to cost ... This paper will discuss the current evolutions going on in the field of WiMAX technologies and issues related to quality of service issues in WiMAX Based Broadband Wireless Netwoks along with its, its forms, and the status of its standardization. A specification of the selected topic and the motivation behind this selection WiMAX and WiMAX-based broadband wireless network offer an alternative to existing wireless and mobile communication technologies. Due to mounting demand for higher bandwidth and better QoS, WiMAX technology has became a subject of intense research and debate among researchers and academicians. In this context the selection of the topic "Quality of Service in WiMAX-Based Broadband Wireless Networks" as a subject of this paper is quite contemporary and may act as a part of ongoing debate over the technology. Existing protocols and solutions IEEE's 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee is almost anonymous with a wireless standards body. IEEE 802.11 set of standards developed by this committee provide a basis for wireless local area network (WLAN) communications. The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee established a working group in 1999 for the development of standards specific to Broadband Wireless Access. IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access Standards, as it is known, is responsible for laying down formal standard specifications for broadband wireless MAN/WAN networks. Since the first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001, three working groups have been involved for developing standards; the group IEEE 802.16.1 is responsible for creating standards for air interfaces in range of 10 to 66 GHz, known as Local Multipoint Distribution Service, group IEEE

MBA - Economics - MicroEconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MBA - Economics - MicroEconomics - Essay Example They are characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and lack of viable substitutes. Results would show that under the Perfect Competition scenario, attaining profit maximization equilibrium at the given equations for cost and pricing would result to a loss for the company. The output may be high and the price low as compared to the Monopoly scenario but the overall effect is that the company does not gain from the venture. It is not surprising that it turned out that the firm will profit more from the monopoly situation because consumers do not have any alternative. Monopolies are expected to produce less and set it a higher price because there is no substitute available on the market. Consumers need the product and so they will buy in at whatever price is set thereby resulting to a decline in social welfare. The lack of competition results to less concern for efficiency and innovation. Products would experience little or no improvement. Since there are no available substitutes the consumer is forced to use the product which further leads to decrease in consumer welfare. Nonetheless, there is a concept which states that the loss of efficiency of firms can raise a potential competitor's value enough to overcome market entry barriers or provide incentive for research and new alternatives. The government may even step in and break the monopoly. According to the theory of contestable markets, monopolies can be forced to behave as if there were competition because of the risk of losing their monopoly to new entrants especially when barriers to market entry are low. It might also be because of the availability in the longer term of substitutes in other markets. This is seldom the case however.Under the perfect competition, we were able to determine that the firm would be making a loss. Does it follow then we should stop production The answer lies on considerations of different total costs levels and whether the firm is operating in the short run or in the long run. Why do even question whether it should continue or not Common sense would tell us that if we are not gaining anything from a venture then we should withdraw from it. However, production entails fixed costs which the firm should account for whether they manufacture or not. It may turn out that continuing production would be enough to cover the fixed costs. When the firm is geared for short run perspectives but is registering losses, it is advisable that it should still continue production provided that the Total costs (TC) is greater than total revenue (TR) and that total revenue is equal to total variable cost (TVC). If it fails to achieve one of these conditions, then it would be advisable to shut down so that they will only pay for the fixed costs. Even if the firm stops producing, it will have to continue to meet the level of fixed costs. Since whether the firm produces or not, it will have to pay fixed costs, it is better for it to continue production in an attempt to decrease total costs and increase total revenue, thus making profits. In the long run scenario, the condition to continue producing requires the price P to be higher than the Average Total Cost. If P is equal to ATC, the firm is indifferent between shutting down and continuing to produce. This case is different from the short run shut down case because in long run there's no longer a fixed cost because everything